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Understanding RAID Concepts and Levels
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Understanding RAID Concepts and Levels
3ware RAID controllers use RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)
to increase your storage system’s performance and provide fault tolerance
(protection against data loss).
This section organizes information about RAID concepts and configuration
levels into the following topics:
• “RAID Concepts” on page 5
• “Available RAID Configurations” on page 6
• “Determining What RAID Level to Use” on page 11
RAID Concepts
The following concepts are important to understand when working with a
RAID controller:
•
Arrays and Units. In the storage industry, the term “array” is used to
describe two or more disk drives that appear to the operating system as a
single unit. When working with a 3ware RAID controller, “unit” is the
term used to refer to an array of disks that is configured and managed
through the 3ware software. Single-disk units can also be configured in
the 3ware software.
•
Mirroring. Mirrored arrays (RAID 1) write data to paired drives
simultaneously. If one drive fails, the data is preserved on the paired
drive. Mirroring provides data protection through redundancy. In
addition, mirroring using a 3ware RAID controller provides improved
performance because 3ware’s TwinStor® technology reads from both
drives simultaneously.
•
Striping. Striping across disks allows data to be written and accessed on
more than one drive, at the same time. Striping combines each drive’s
capacity into one large volume. Striped disk arrays (RAID 0) achieve
highest transfer rates and performance at the expense of fault tolerance.
•
Distributed Parity. Parity works in combination with striping on RAID 5,
RAID 6, and RAID 50. Parity information is written to each of the striped
drives, in rotation. Should a failure occur, the data on the failed drive can
be reconstructed from the data on the other drives.
•
Hot Swap. The process of exchanging a drive without having to shut
down the system. This is useful when you need to exchange a defective
drive in a redundant unit.
•
Array Roaming. The process of removing a unit from a controller and
putting it back later, either on the same controller, or a different one, and
having it recognized as a unit. The disks may be attached to different ports
than they were originally attached to, without harm to the data.
- SATA+SAS 1
- Controller Card 1
- Software User Guide 1
- User Guide 1
- Document Description 2
- Disclaimer 2
- License Restriction 2
- Copyright Notice 2
- Trademark Acknowledgments 2
- Table of Contents 3
- About this User Guide 8
- Conventions 10
- Screenshots 10
- Click the Show 11
- Navigation button to 11
- Contents 11
- Introducing the LSI 3ware 13
- SATA+SAS RAID Controller 13
- System Requirements 14
- Drive Requirements 15
- Operating System 15
- Other Requirements 16
- RAID Concepts 17
- Available RAID Configurations 18
- Single Disk 22
- Hot Spare 22
- Support for Over 2 Terabytes 25
- Management 26
- Monitoring, Maintenance, and 27
- Troubleshooting Features 27
- Using 3BM 30
- Figure 8. 3ware BIOS Screen 31
- Specifying a Hot Spare 38
- What Next? 39
- Getting Started with Your 40
- 3ware RAID Controller 40
- Driver Installation 44
- Materials Required 45
- Creating a 3ware Driver Disk 46
- 3 Click Next 49
- Available to Windows 50
- . You can also contact LSI 51
- Obtaining 3ware Linux Drivers 52
- Materials required 53
- Different Device 55
- Instructions 55
- 3ware BIOS Manager (3BM) 63
- Introduction 63
- Policy screen. Pressing 65
- Working in the 3BM Screens 66
- Settings 68
- > BIOS Settings 68
- BIOS Loading Options 69
- Options for Entering BIOS 70
- Changing BIOS Settings 70
- Getting Help While Using 3BM 72
- 3DM 2 (3ware Disk Manager) 73
- Installing 3DM 74
- Starting 3DM 2 and Logging In 74
- 3DM 2 Menus 78
- Refreshing the Screen 80
- Table 7: List of 3DM 2 Pages 82
- Setting Up 3DM 2 Preferences 83
- Setting the Listening Port # 86
- Configuring Your Controller 89
- About Controller Policies 91
- Viewing Controller Policies 93
- Auto-Carving 98
- Changing the Phy Link Speed 101
- Configuring Units 103
- Boot volume size 105
- Initialization Method 105
- Name of the unit (optional) 105
- Unit policies 106
- Creating a Unit through 3DM 2 107
- Creating a Unit through 3BM 109
- Ordering Units in 3BM 113
- Creating a Hot Spare 116
- Naming a Unit 118
- Setting Unit Policies 119
- When Rebuilding) 128
- About StorSave Profile Levels 131
- Rapid RAID Recovery 133
- . Protection against 134
- Migrating 135
- Changing RAID Level 137
- Expanding Unit Capacity 138
- Configuration 139
- Deleting a Unit 140
- Deleting a Unit through 3DM 141
- Deleting a Unit through 3BM 142
- Removing a Unit 143
- Removing a Unit Through 3DM 144
- Removing a Unit Through 3BM 145
- Controller 146
- Adding a Drive 147
- Removing a Drive 148
- Rescanning the Controller 150
- Maintaining Units 151
- Viewing a List of Drives 153
- Unit Statuses 155
- Drive Statuses 156
- About Inoperable Units 157
- Monitor > Alarms 160
- Downloading an Error Log 162
- Background Tasks 163
- About Initialization 164
- About Verification 167
- What Verification Does 168
- Using Auto Verification 169
- Starting a Verify Manually 170
- Rebuilding Units 172
- Rebuilding a Unit Through 3DM 173
- Rebuilding Units through 3BM 174
- Different Drive 177
- Setting Background Task Rate 180
- Scheduling Background Tasks 181
- Scheduled Task Duration 182
- Schedule 183
- Tasks column 187
- Maintaining Your Controller 188
- 3ware Bootable CD 192
- Fedora Core 195
- Viewing Battery Information 198
- Testing Battery Capacity 199
- Enclosure Management 202
- Viewing a List of Enclosures 203
- 3BM” on page 191 205
- Fan Status 206
- Temp Sensor Status 206
- Power Supply Status 206
- Slot Summary 207
- Working with Enclosure Alarms 208
- 3DM 2 Reference 212
- Controller Summary page 213
- Controller Details page 214
- Unit Information page 215
- Unit Details page 216
- Drive Information page 218
- Drive Details window 220
- SMART Data 221
- Controller Phy Summary page 222
- Controller Settings page 223
- Background Task Rate and Mode 224
- Unit Policies 224
- Unit Names 226
- Other Controller Settings 226
- Update Firmware 227
- Scheduling page 228
- Task Schedules 229
- Self-test Schedules 230
- Maintenance page 231
- Unit Maintenance 232
- Drive Information 233
- Create Unit 237
- Set Spare 239
- Clear Configuration 239
- Alarms page 240
- Battery Backup page 241
- Enclosure Summary page 243
- Enclosure Details page 244
- Enclosure ID 245
- Fan Summary 245
- Temp Sensor Summary 245
- Power Supply Summary 246
- 3DM 2 Settings page 247
- E-mail Notification 248
- Password 248
- Page Refresh 249
- HTTP Settings 249
- Server Configuration 249
- Troubleshooting 250
- Command Logging 252
- Types of DPM Statistics 253
- Available DPM Commands 253
- Enclosure-Related Problems 255
- Problems in 3DM and 3BM 257
- 0002 Degraded unit 263
- 0004 Rebuild failed 264
- 0005 Rebuild completed 265
- 0006 Incomplete unit detected 265
- 0007 Initialize completed 266
- 0009 Drive timeout detected 267
- 000A Drive error detected 267
- 000B Rebuild started 268
- 000C Initialize started 269
- 000E Initialize failed 269
- 000F SMART threshold exceeded 270
- 0019 Drive removed 270
- 001A Drive inserted 271
- 001E Unit inoperable 271
- 001F Unit Operational 272
- 0021 Downgrade UDMA mode 272
- 0022 Upgrade UDMA mode 273
- 0023 Sector repair completed 273
- 0026 Drive ECC error reported 275
- 0028 DCB version unsupported 276
- 0029 Verify started 277
- 002A Verify failed 277
- 002B Verify completed 278
- 0030 Drive not supported 281
- 0032 Spare capacity too small 281
- 0033 Migration started 282
- 0034 Migration failed 282
- 0035 Migration completed 283
- 0037 SO-DIMM not compatible 283
- 0038 SO-DIMM not detected 284
- 003B Rebuild paused 285
- 003C Initialize paused 286
- 003D Verify paused 286
- 003E Migration paused 287
- 0045 Battery voltage is low 290
- 0046 Battery voltage is high 290
- 0055 Battery charging started 295
- 0057 Battery charging fault 296
- 005A Battery is present 297
- 005B Battery is not present 297
- 005C Battery is weak 297
- 0062 Enclosure removed 298
- 0063 Enclosure added 299
- 0064 Local link up 299
- 0065 Local link down 299
- 0081 RAID key not found 301
- 8000 Enclosure fan normal 301
- 8001 Enclosure fan error 301
- 8002 Enclosure fan removed 302
- 8003 Enclosure fan added 302
- 8004 Enclosure fan unknown 302
- 8005 Enclosure fan off 303
- 8020 Enclosure temp normal 303
- 8021 Enclosure temp low 303
- 8022 Enclosure temp high 304
- 8025 Enclosure temp removed 305
- 8026 Enclosure temp added 306
- 8027 Enclosure temp critical 306
- 8028 Enclosure temp unknown 306
- 8030 Enclosure power normal 307
- 8031 Enclosure power fail 307
- 8032 Enclosure power removed 308
- 8033 Enclosure power added 308
- 8034 Enclosure power unknown 308
- 8037 Enclosure power off 309
- 8040 Enclosure voltage normal 309
- 8041 Enclosure voltage over 310
- 8042 Enclosure voltage under 310
- 8044 Enclosure current normal 311
- 8045 Enclosure current over 311
- Appendices 314
- Glossary 315
- Software Installation 322
- /mnt/autorun 323
- Installing Software 327
- Uninstalling 3ware Software 328
- Compliance and Conformity 329
- Statements 329
- Canadian Compliance Statement 330
- Warranty, Technical Support 331
- Exclusions 332
- State Law Provisions 332
- Feedback on this manual 333
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